The Kings and Queens of England

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The Kings and Queens of England

The Kings and Queens of England

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Charles II (r. 1660–1685)". royal.gov.uk. 3 February 2016. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018 . Retrieved 16 January 2018. ; "Oliver Cromwell (1649–1658 AD)". britannia.com. Archived from the original on 21 November 2008 . Retrieved 28 November 2008. After King Harold was killed at the Battle of Hastings, the Witan elected Edgar Ætheling as king, but by then the Normans controlled the country and Edgar never ruled. He submitted to King William the Conqueror. Hanley, Catherine (2016). Louis: The French Prince Who Invaded England. Yale University Press. pp.1066, 1208. ISBN 978-0-300-22164-0.

a b c "Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector, 1626–1712". british-civil-wars.co.uk. Archived from the original on 12 October 2007 . Retrieved 25 October 2007. The Angevins (from the French term meaning "from Anjou") ruled over the Angevin Empire during the 12th and 13th centuries, an area stretching from the Pyrenees to Ireland. They did not regard England as their primary home until most of their continental domains were lost by King John. The direct, eldest male line from Henry II includes monarchs commonly grouped together as the House of Plantagenet, which was the name given to the dynasty after the loss of most of their continental possessions, while cadet branches of this line became known as the House of Lancaster and the House of York during the War of the Roses. a b "William III (r. 1689–1702) and Mary II (r. 1689–1694)". royal.gov.uk. 30 December 2015. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018 . Retrieved 16 January 2018. No monarch reigned after the 1649 execution of Charles I. Between 1649 and 1653, there was no single English head of state, as England was ruled directly by the Rump Parliament with the English Council of State acting as executive power during a period known as the Commonwealth of England.Edward V (Apr–Jun 1483)". royal.gov.uk. 14 January 2016. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018 . Retrieved 16 January 2018. ; Fryde 1996, p.41. Mortimer, Ian (2007). "Henry IV's date of birth and the royal Maundy". Historical Research. 80 (210): 567–576. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2281.2006.00403.x. ISSN 0950-3471. ; "Henry IV (r.1399–1413)". royal.gov.uk. 14 January 2016. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018 . Retrieved 16 January 2018. ; Fryde 1996, p.40. I have read some of the longer versions of these, particularly for James I and Charles I. The longer versions are much more interesting and, obviously enough, contain much more detail. I've always found the homosexual antics of James I particularly amusing, especially given he gave his name to the ever popular version of the Bible – or is it just me who sees this as being somewhat amusingly ironic?

After the personal union of the crowns, James was the first to style himself King of Great Britain, but the title was rejected by the English Parliament and had no basis in law. The Parliament of Scotland also opposed it. [89] (See also Union Flag.)

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Eadweard (Edward the Martyr)". archontology.org. Archived from the original on 17 March 2007 . Retrieved 17 March 2007. ; "Edward II 'The Martyr' (r. 975–978)". royal.gov.uk. 12 January 2016. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018 . Retrieved 16 January 2018.

William II (Known as William Rufus) (r. 1087–1100)". royal.gov.uk. 12 January 2016. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018 . Retrieved 16 January 2018. ; Fryde 1996, p.35. Information-wise, the book is sufficient, but readers who already have a base familiarity with British monarchial history may be disappointed. The writing is also a bit tabloid at times but this may appeal to the broader audience at which this book is aimed. I wanted to read this to see what might be said about those Shakespearian characters from Richard II through to Richard III. I was surprised that Shakespeare seems to have kept quite well to the overall story.The intensity of intra-familial hatred in many periods of royal history makes the William and Harry rift look like a tersely raised eyebrow over a Boxing Day game of Trivial Pursuit.’ Photograph: FD/Francis Dias/Newspix International This enthralling story of 1,000 years of English history is told through the lives and deeds of kings and queens who ruled the English isle, from the Normans to the Windsors. Richard II (r. 1377–1399)". royal.gov.uk. 12 January 2016. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018 . Retrieved 16 January 2018. ; Fryde 1996, p.40.

In the Introduction, Antonia Fraser quotes Ralph Waldo Emerson, saying, "There is no history, only biography," which sums up this book nicely, as it is concerned just with the biographies of the monarchs of England, not with the history around them, and the quote does make a good point that human history is simply made up of biographies of people. But this book is just about the people who worn the British crown from William I to Queen Elizabeth II. The future Louis VIII of France briefly won two-thirds of England over to his side from May 1216 to September 1217 at the conclusion of the First Barons' War against King John. The then-Prince Louis landed on the Isle of Thanet, off the north Kent coast, on 21 May 1216, and marched more or less unopposed to London, where the streets were lined with cheering crowds. At a grand ceremony in St. Paul's Cathedral, on 2 June 1216, in the presence of numerous English clergy and nobles, the Mayor of London and Alexander II of Scotland, Prince Louis was proclaimed King Louis of England (though not crowned). In less than a month, "King Louis" controlled more than half of the country and enjoyed the support of two-thirds of the barons. However, he suffered military defeat at the hands of the English fleet. By signing the Treaty of Lambeth in September 1217, Louis gained 10,000 marks and agreed he had never been the legitimate king of England. [44] "King Louis" remains one of the least known kings to have ruled over a substantial part of England. [45] Name Norris, Herbert (1999). Medieval Costume and Fashion (illustrated, reprinted.). Courier Dover Publications. p. 312. ISBN 978-0-486-40486-8.

The Angevins formulated England's royal coat of arms, which usually showed other kingdoms held or claimed by them or their successors, although without representation of Ireland for quite some time. Dieu et mon droit was first used as a battle cry by Richard I in 1198 at the Battle of Gisors, when he defeated the forces of Philip II of France. [39] [40] It has generally been used as the motto of English monarchs since being adopted by Edward III. [39] Name This list of kings and reigning queens of the Kingdom of England begins with Alfred the Great, who initially ruled Wessex, one of the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms which later made up modern England. Alfred styled himself king of the Anglo-Saxons from about 886, and while he was not the first king to claim to rule all of the English, his rule represents the start of the first unbroken line of kings to rule the whole of England, the House of Wessex. [1] Yorke, Barbara (1988). Bishop Æthelwold: His Career and Influence. Woodbridge. p.71; f. 9v. cited by Yorke.; "Ælfweard 4". Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England. Henry II named his son, Henry the Young King (1155–1183), as co-ruler with him but this was a Norman custom of designating an heir, and the younger Henry did not outlive his father and rule in his own right, so he is not counted as a monarch on lists of kings.



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