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Ridenti MA, Spyrou N, Amorim J (2014) The crucial role of molecular ions in the radial contraction of argon microwave-sustained plasma jets at atmospheric pressure. Chem Phys Lett 595:83–86 Sun SR, Wang HX, Zhu T et al (2020) Chemical non-equilibrium simulation of anode attachment of an argon transferred arc. Plasma Chem Plasma Process 40(1):261–282

Chazelas C, Trelles JP, Choquet I et al (2017) Main issues for a fully predictive plasma spray torch model and numerical considerations. Plasma Chem Plasma Process 37(3):627–651 Thomas, A. G. R. et al. Monoenergetic electronic beam production using dual collinear laser pulses. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 255002 (2008).

Oz, E. et al. Ionization-induced electron trapping in ultrarelativistic plasma wakes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 084801 (2007).

Hidding, B. et al. Ultracold electron bunch generation via plasma photocathode emission and acceleration in a beam-driven plasma blowout. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 035001 (2012). a b Dunnivant, F. M.; Ginsbach, J. W. (2017). Flame Atomic Absorbance and Emission Spectrometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma — Mass Spectrometry. Whitman College . Retrieved 10 January 2018. Baeva M, Uhrlandt D (2011) Non-equilibrium simulation of the spatial and temporal behavior of a magnetically rotating arc in argon. Plasma Sources Sci Technol 20(3):035008 Cunningham AJ, O’Malley TF, Hobson RM (1981) On the role of vibrational excitation in dissociative recombination. J Phys B: At Mol Phys 14(4):773–782 Jenista J, Heberlein VR, Pfender E (1997) Numerical model of the anode region of high-current electric arcs. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci 25(5):883–890The total work of all forces, not any single force. As an example, we can use forces on an elevator cable to lift the cab from the ground to the roof. But the kinetic energy doesn't increase because of gravity is pulling down at the same time. Similarly, the battery can provide a force to move charges forward, but forces from resistors may prevent the kinetic energy from increasing. Fujian Torch Electron Technology Co., Ltd. Reports Earnings Results for the Half Year Ended June 30, 2022 Faure, J. et al. Injection and acceleration of quasimonoenergetic relativistic electron beams using density gradients at the edges of a plasma channel. Phys. Plasmas 17, 083107 (2010).

When a time-varying electric current is passed through the coil, it creates a time-varying magnetic field around it, with flux Fujian Torch Electron Technology Co., Ltd. Reports Earnings Results for the Full Year Ended December 31, 2021 Trelles JP (2019) Nonequilibrium phenomena in (quasi-)thermal plasma flows. Plasma Chem Plasma Process. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-019-10046-1

C. Baudry, A. Vardelle, G. Mariaux, F.C. Delalondre, and F.E. Meillot, Three-Dimensional and Time-Dependent Model of the Dynamic Behavior of the Arc in a Plasma Spray Torch, Thermal Spray 2004: Advances in Technology and Applications, D. von Hofe, Ed., ASM International, May 10-12, 2004, Osaka, Japan, p 717-723 Z. Duan and J. Heberlein, Arc Instabilities in a Plasma Spray Torch, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2002, 11(1), p 44-51 Chang CH, Ramshaw JD (1994) Numerical simulation of nonequilibrium effects in an argon plasma jet. Phys Plasmas 1(11):3698–3708

Another benefit of ICP discharges is that they are relatively free of contamination, because the electrodes are completely outside the reaction chamber. By contrast, in a capacitively coupled plasma (CCP), the electrodes are often placed inside the reactor and are thus exposed to the plasma and subsequent reactive chemical species. The same thing happens in the circuit. Within the resistor, energy is lost to collisions. But the electrons gain the same amount as they fall to a lower energy level in the electric field. So the velocity of the electrons remains constant. Bultel A, van Ootegem B, Bourdon A et al (2002) Influence of Ar 2 + in an argon collisional-radiative model. Phys Rev E 65(4):046406 In planar geometry, the electrode is a length of flat metal wound like a spiral (or coil). In cylindrical geometry, it is like a helical spring. In half-toroidal geometry, it is a toroidal solenoid cut along its main diameter to two equal halves.J.F. Coudert, M.P. Planche, and P. Fauchais, Characterization of DC Plasma Torch Voltage Fluctuations, Plasma Chem. Plasma Process., 1996, 16(1), p 211S-227S Geddes, C. G. et al. Plasma-density-gradient injection of low absolute-momentum-spread electron bunches. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 215004 (2008). E = U 2 π r = ω r H 0 2 sin ⁡ ω t {\displaystyle E={\frac {U}{2\pi r}}={\frac {\omega rH_{0}}{2}}\sin \omega t} , [6] B. Selvan, K. Ramachandran, K.P. Sreekumar, T.K. Thiyagarajan, and P.V. Ananthapadmanabhan, Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling of an Ar-N2 Plasma Arc Inside a Non-Transferred Torch, Plasma Sci. Technol, 2009, 11(6), p 679-687